Satellite system performance assessment for in-flight entertainment and air traffic control

Concurrent satellite systems have been proposed for IFE (In-Flight Entertainment) communications, thus demonstrating the capability of satellites to provide multimedia access to users in aircraft cabin. At the same time, an increasing interest in the use of satellite communications for ATC (Air Traffic Control) has been motivated by the increasing load of traditional radio links mainly in the VHF band, and uses the extended capacities the satellite may provide. However, the development of a dedicated satellite system for ATS (Air Traffic Services) and AOC (Airline Operational Communications) seems to be a long-term perspective. The objective of the presented system design is to provide both passenger application traffic access (Internet, GSM) and a high-reliability channel for aeronautical applications using the same satellite links. Due to the constraints in capacity and radio bandwidth allocation, very high frequencies (above 20 GHz) are considered here. The corresponding design implications for the air interface are taken into account and access performances are derived using a dedicated simulation model. Some preliminary results are shown in this paper to demonstrate the technical feasibility of such system design with increased capacity. More details and the open issues will be studied in the future of this research work

Capacity Dimensioning for Aeronautical Communications in North Atlantic Corridor

In the context of the Internet everywhere paradigm, aircraft passengers expect to get connectivity during flights. Several solutions based either on cellular networks in continental area or on satellite links have been designed and even deployed for some of them. But to face the increasing number of users and expected services, a migration to future satellite system such as Inmarsat's Ka band Global Xpress system have been planned. The considered geographical area of the present study is the north Atlantic corridor. In this service zone, the specific structure of aeronautical traffic must be taken into account. NAT (North Atlantic Tracks) are oceanic routes between North America and Europe that are periodically defined considering weather and wind conditions. This explains why the exact locations of the tracks change daily according to weather and also traffic demands. On each continent, specific air traffic control is provided in order to manage entrance and movement along these tracks. The proposed study makes the assumption of a flexible global coverage provided by multi beam Ka band satellites that operate in geosynchronous orbit. Aircraft flying in the north Atlantic corridor use the system in order to offer in-flight connectivity for airline passengers. Doing so, passengers may access common Internet services, namely web browsing, electronic mail, or file transfer. More specific applications for pilots and companies are also taken in consideration enhanced with new services such as real time black box data streaming. In order to assess induced traffic load and instantaneous required capacities in each spot beam, a simulation model has been specifically developed by ENAC and ISAE with Opnet Modeler software

Conception et Optimisation d’Architectures Réseaux pour les Systèmes de Communication Aéronautiques

Ce mémoire présente les travaux de recherche dans lesquels j’ai pu m’investir et contribuer notamment depuis mon arrivée à l’Enac en 2003. L’ensemble de ces contributions s’inscrit dans le domaine de la conception et l’optimisation des architectures des systèmes de communications de données sol bord aéronautiques. Ce domaine d’application présente beaucoup de spécificités particulières compte-tenu des règles drastiques visant à assurer la sécurité des vols, des distances entre les nœuds communicants, et de leur vitesse. Et bien sûr, les systèmes et solutions proposés doivent prendre en compte l’ensemble de ces contraintes. Dans le contexte de ce domaine d’application, j’ai pu contribuer principalement à trois axes : — les réseaux satellitaires, — la qualité de service et la sécurité, — les réseaux ad hoc. Comme illustré dans ce mémoire, au titre de ces contributions nous pouvons citer par exemple une architecture pour un système de communication aéronautique par satellite à qualité de service pour des flux hétérogènes, une architecture de sécurité adaptative, ou encore un nouveau moyen de communication sol bord multisaut basé sur un réseau ad hoc aéronautique. Ces contributions se sont le plus souvent inscrites dans le contexte de projets de recherche nationaux qui ont permis de financer des thèses

Performance Assessment of a New Routing Protocol in AANET

Routing is a critical issue in mobile ad hoc networks. The routing algorithm must take into account the specific properties of the network such as its topology, the mobility of the nodes and their number. In this paper, we present a simulation-based study of the performances of our innovative routing protocol named NoDe-TBR (Node Density TBR) that takes into account the actual node density distribution. The considered ad hoc network is an Aeronautical Ad hoc NETwork (AANET), a future communication system enabling air↔air and air↔ground communications beyond the radio range of the sender. This context and the communication architecture have been modeled in a realistic way based on replayed aircraft trajectories, a realistic access layer, and application that should be deployed in the future

IP Mobility in Aeronautical Communications

International audienceIn the sake of modernization, aviation stakeholders decided that the future aviation network infrastructure, in particular for air-ground communication systems, will move towards IP based networks. It has been referred to in the International Civil Aviation Organization as Aeronautical Telecommunication Network/Internet Protocol Suite. Due to the heterogeneous communication environment , it is necessary to support handover between different access technologies and access networks. In this article, we first define the very specific aeronautical communication environment. Our main contribution is a performance assessment of the most deployed network protocols capable of managing IP mobility within the aeronautical environment. We focus our analysis on the Mobile IPv6 protocol and implementation issues of a representative aeronautical network in Omnet++

Interference estimation in an aeronautical ad hoc network

Recent research have considered aeronautical ad hoc networks as a possible mean for future aeronautical communications. By introducing inter- aircraft links, they are supposed to become an alternative to existing solutions based on direct air- ground or satellite links. In this paper, we propose the use of asynchronous Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) in aeronautical ad hoc networks. We then present a simulation model developed with OPNET Modeler that estimates the impact of Multiple Access Interference (MAI) on packets delivery. Finally, we give the results of some simulations made with an ATC/AOC traffic model, and with real aircraft positions over the French sky

Source apportionment to support air quality management practices: A fitness-for-purpose guide (V 3.1)

Information on the origin of pollution constitutes an essential step of air quality management as it helps identifying measures to control air pollution. In this document, we review the most widely used source-apportionment methods for air quality management. Using simple theoretical examples we highlight the differences among these methods and explain why and under which circunstances they lead to different results and therefore different conclusions in the context of air quality management. These differences are a consequence of the intrinsic assumptions that underpin the different methodologies and determine/limit their range of applicability. We show that ignoring their underlying assumptions is a risk for efficient/successful air quality management as these methods are sometimes used beyond their scope and range of applicability. The simplest approach based on increments, contributions obtained through receptor models or tagging approaches built in air quality models as well impacts obtained via “brute-force” methods are discussed. The guide is organised as follows: the different source apportionment approaches and their associated properties are presented in Part I, simple examples are introduced in Part II to illustrate the main differences in terms of results while Part III focuses on the fitness-for-purpose aspects of the different methods. Finally Part IV lists and briefly discusses a series of open issues.JRC.C.5-Air and Climat

Routing protocol assessment for AANETs

In this paper, we propose to use AANETs (Aeronautical Ad-hoc NETworks) to complement currently used communication systems. An AANET is a network in which every node (aircraft or ground station) is able to relay data to and from other nodes. It allows to extend the range of a ground station by using other aircraft as relays, thus establishing multihops paths between an aircraft and the ground. The main contribution of our study is the performance assessment of classic routing protocols by simulation with replayed real aircraft trajectories. The results of these simulations can serve as reference for further studies. Furthermore, under nominal conditions, AODV has the best performances in terms of reachability. These results demonstrates the interest of AANET as a communication system for civil aviation, and call for further studies to improve the performances of routing algorithms

Contrôle d'admission et allocation de ressources dans les réseaux ATM par satellites

PARIS-Télécom ParisTech (751132302) / SudocSudocFranceF

Satellite access performances assessment and optimization for in-cabin Internet and ATC traffic

New generation satellite systems provide an opportunity to offer Internet access to passengers on board airplanes. Supplied services can be VPN access, e-mail and web browsing. The two major aeronautical manufacturers already promote such systems: Connection by Boeing, OnAir by Airbus. These first generation systems have proven the validity of such a service offer. At the same time, an increasing interest for the use of satellite communications for air traffic control has been motivated by the increasing load of traditional radio links, mainly in the HF and VHF bands. However, the development of a dedicated satellite system for ATC (Air Traffic Control) and ATN (Aeronautical Telecommunication Network) seems to be a long-term perspective. The objective of the presented study is to address a system design in order to provide both Internet-like access and a high-reliability channel for aeronautical applications using the same satellite links. Preliminary results are presented that demonstrate the technical feasibility of the system with increased capacity thanks to the use of Ka-band. Open issues are then discussed to motivate further work